Prevalence and underreporting of immunization errors in childhood vaccination: results of a household survey.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate underreporting of immunization errors based on vaccination records from children under five years of age. METHOD: An epidemiological, cross-sectional analytical study, carried out through a household survey with 453 children aged 6 months to 4 years in three municipalities in Minas Gerais in 2021. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and the prevalence of the error was calculated per 100 thousand doses applied between 2016 and 2021. The magnitude was estimated of the association between variables by prevalence and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). To analyze underreporting, State reporting records were used. RESULTS: A prevalence of immunization errors was found to be 41.9/100,000 doses applied (95%CI:32.2 - 51.6). The highest prevalence occurred between 2020 (50.0/100,000 doses applied) and 2021 (78.6/100,000 doses applied). The most frequent error was an inadequate interval between vaccines (47.2%) associated with adsorbed diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine (13.7/100,000) administration. Vaccination delay was related to immunization errors (7.55 95% CI:2.30 - 24.80), and the errors found were underreported. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of underreported errors points to a worrying scenario, highlighting the importance of preventive measures.

Indicadores de desempeño de la Atención Primaria del Programa Previne Brasil / Performance indicators of Primary Care of the Previne Brasil Program / Indicadores de desempenho da Atenção Primária do Programa Previne Brasil

Objetivo: analizar el alcance de los indicadores de desempeño del Programa Previne Brasil de Atención Primaria a la Salud. Método: para ello, se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, con abordaje cuantitativo, utilizando datos secundarios, referentes a los años 2020 y 2021, en las cinco regiones brasileñas (Norte, Nordeste, Sur, Sudeste y Centro Oeste), disponibles en el Sistema de Información de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas, frecuencias relativas y medidas de tendencia central y modelación semiparamétrica considerando un intervalo de confianza del 5%. Resultados: hubo evidencia de evolución en las tasas de los indicadores de desempeño en la mayoría de las regiones brasileñas en 2021, en comparación con 2020, sin embargo, las Regiones Norte y Centro Oeste presentaron tasas incipientes o negativas, en comparación con la Región Sudeste. A pesar de la evolución en las tasas de los indicadores, pocos estados lograron alcanzar las metas establecidas por el Ministerio de Salud para las acciones estratégicas de atención prenatal y salud de la mujer, mientras que ningún estado logró la meta en la acción estratégica de enfermedades crónicas. Conclusión: se considera importante acompañar la evolución de los indicadores actuales, previendo su calificación para que puedan evaluar el seguimiento y la atención primaria en salud, así como garantizar la consecución de las metas asegurando la financiación de las acciones de atención primaria.

Objective: to analyze the scope of the performance indicators of the Previne Brasil Program of Primary Health Care. Method: an observational, descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out using secondary data, referring to the years 2020 and 2021, in the five Brazilian regions (North, Northeast, South, Southeast and Midwest), available in the Primary Health Care Information System. Descriptive statistics, relative frequencies and measures of central tendency and semiparametric modeling were used considering a 5% confidence interval. Results: there was evidence of evolution in the rates of performance indicators in most Brazilian regions in 2021, compared to 2020, however, the North and Midwest regions had incipient or negative rates, compared to the Southeast region. Despite the evolution in the rates of the indicators, few States managed to reach the goals established by the Ministry of Health for the strategic actions of prenatal care and women's health; and no state achieved the goal in strategic action on chronic diseases. Conclusion: it is considered important to monitor the evolution of current indicators, envisioning their qualification so that they can evaluate primary health care and assistance, as well as guarantee the achievement of goals by ensuring funding for primary care actions.

Objetivo: analisar o alcance dos indicadores de desempenho do Programa Previne Brasil da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: realizou-se um estudo observacional, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando dados secundários referentes aos anos de 2020 e 2021, nas cinco regiões brasileiras (Norte, Nordeste, Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste), disponíveis no Sistema de Informação da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Foram utilizadas estatística descritiva, frequências relativas e medidas de tendência central e modelagem semiparamétrica considerando o intervalo de confiança de 5%. Resultados: evidenciou-se a evolução nas taxas dos indicadores de desempenho na maioria das regiões brasileiras em 2021, comparadas com 2020, todavia as Regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste tiveram taxas incipientes ou negativas, se comparadas com a Região Sudeste. Apesar da evolução nas taxas dos indicadores, poucos estados conseguiram alcançar as metas estabelecidas pelo Ministério da Saúde para as ações estratégicas de pré-natal e saúde da mulher, enquanto nenhum estado alcançou a meta na ação estratégica de doenças crônicas. Conclusão: considera-se importante o acompanhamento da evolução dos atuais indicadores, vislumbrando a sua qualificação, para que possam avaliar a assistência e a atenção primária à saúde, bem como garantir o alcance das metas assegurando o financiamento para as ações da atenção primária.

Performance indicators of Primary Care of the Previne Brasil Program. / Indicadores de desempeño de la Atención Primaria del Programa Previne Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the scope of the performance indicators of the Previne Brasil Program of Primary Health Care. METHOD: an observational, descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out using secondary data, referring to the years 2020 and 2021, in the five Brazilian regions (North, Northeast, South, Southeast and Midwest), available in the Primary Health Care Information System. Descriptive statistics, relative frequencies and measures of central tendency and semiparametric modeling were used considering a 5% confidence interval. RESULTS: there was evidence of evolution in the rates of performance indicators in most Brazilian regions in 2021, compared to 2020, however, the North and Midwest regions had incipient or negative rates, compared to the Southeast region. Despite the evolution in the rates of the indicators, few States managed to reach the goals established by the Ministry of Health for the strategic actions of prenatal care and women's health; and no state achieved the goal in strategic action on chronic diseases. CONCLUSION: it is considered important to monitor the evolution of current indicators, envisioning their qualification so that they can evaluate primary health care and assistance, as well as guarantee the achievement of goals by ensuring funding for primary care actions.

Prevalence and underreporting of immunization errors in childhood vaccination: results of a household survey / Prevalencia y subregistro de errores de inmunización en la vacunación infantil: resultados de una encuesta de hogares / Prevalência e subnotificação de erros de imunização na vacinação de crianças: resultados de um inquérito domiciliar

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate underreporting of immunization errors based on vaccination records from children under five years of age. Method: An epidemiological, cross-sectional analytical study, carried out through a household survey with 453 children aged 6 months to 4 years in three municipalities in Minas Gerais in 2021. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and the prevalence of the error was calculated per 100 thousand doses applied between 2016 and 2021. The magnitude was estimated of the association between variables by prevalence and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). To analyze underreporting, State reporting records were used. Results: A prevalence of immunization errors was found to be 41.9/100,000 doses applied (95%CI:32.2 - 51.6). The highest prevalence occurred between 2020 (50.0/100,000 doses applied) and 2021 (78.6/100,000 doses applied). The most frequent error was an inadequate interval between vaccines (47.2%) associated with adsorbed diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine (13.7/100,000) administration. Vaccination delay was related to immunization errors (7.55 95% CI:2.30 - 24.80), and the errors found were underreported. Conclusion: The high prevalence of underreported errors points to a worrying scenario, highlighting the importance of preventive measures.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Investigar el subregistro de errores de vacunación a partir de los registros de vacunación de niños menores de cinco años. Método: Estudio epidemiológico, analítico transversal, realizado mediante encuesta de hogares con 453 niños de 6 meses a 4 años en tres municipios de Minas Gerais en 2021. Análisis descriptivo y cálculo de la prevalencia de error por 100 mil dosis aplicadas entre 2016 y 2021. La magnitud de la asociación entre las variables se estimó mediante prevalencia e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Para analizar el subregistro se utilizaron los registros de notificaciones estatales. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de errores de inmunización de 41,9/100.000 dosis aplicadas (IC95%: 32,2 - 51,6). La prevalencia más alta se produjo entre 2020 (50,0/100.000 dosis aplicadas) y 2021 (78,6/100.000 dosis aplicadas). El error más frecuente fue un intervalo inadecuado entre vacunas (47,2%) asociado a la administración de la vacuna adsorbida contra la difteria, el tétanos y la tos ferina (DTP) (13,7/100.000). El retraso en la vacunación estuvo relacionado con errores de vacunación (7,55 IC 95%: 2,30 - 24,80), y los errores encontrados fueron subreportados. Conclusión: La alta prevalencia de errores no reportados apunta a un escenario preocupante, destacando la importancia de las medidas preventivas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a subnotificação de erros de imunização a partir dos registros de vacinação da caderneta de crianças menores de cinco anos. Método: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal analítico, realizado por inquérito domiciliar com 453 crianças de 6 meses a 4 anos em três municípios de Minas Gerais em 2021. Realizaram-se a análise descritiva e o cálculo da prevalência do erro por 100 mil doses aplicadas entre 2016 e 2021. Estimou-se a magnitude da associação entre as variáveis pela prevalência e Intervalos de Confiança 95% (IC95%). Para a análise da subnotificação, utilizaram-se os registros de notificação do Estado. Resultados: Encontrou-se uma prevalência de erros de imunização de 41,9/100.000 doses aplicadas (IC95%:32,2 - 51,6). A maior prevalência ocorreu entre 2020 (50,0/100.000 doses aplicadas) e 2021 (78,6/100.000 doses aplicadas). O erro mais frequente foi intervalo inadequado entre vacinas (47,2%) associado à administração da vacina adsorvida difteria, tétano e pertussis (DTP) (13,7/100.000). O atraso vacinal relacionou-se ao erro de imunização (7,55 IC95%:2,30 - 24,80), e os erros encontrados foram subnotificados. Conclusão: A alta prevalência de erros subnotificados aponta para um cenário preocupante, ressaltando a importância de medidas preventivas.

Adequacy assessment of immunobiological agent conservation in the Western Health macro-region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil: a descriptive study, 2017. / Avaliação da adequação da conservação de imunobiológicos na macrorregião de saúde Oeste de Minas Gerais: estudo descritivo, 2017.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the adequacy of immunobiological agent conservation in vaccination rooms in the municipalities of the Western health macro-region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: This was a descriptive study, based on a validated scale, with a maximum score of 15 points. A descriptive analysis and an association test between the scores obtained by the municipalities and variables of the external context were performed. RESULTS: 275 out of a total of 295 existing vaccination rooms were evaluated. Immunobiological agent conservation in the West macro-region obtained an average score of 4 points (standard score, 0 to 15). There was a poor availability of immunization supplies aimed at immunobiological agent conservation, and work processes, that require improvement. Small municipalities presented better immunobiological agent conservation (p=0.011). CONCLUSION: Immunobiological agent conservation in vaccination rooms in the Western health macro-region of Minas Gerais State was considered inadequate.

Assessment of the adequacy of immunobiological conservation in the Western macro-region of Minas Gerais, Brazil: a descriptive study, 2017 / Evaluación de la adecuación de la conservación inmunológica en la macrorregión Oeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil: estudio descriptivo, 2017 / Avaliação da adequação da conservação de imunobiológicos na macrorregião de saúde Oeste de Minas Gerais: estudo descritivo, 2017

Objective: To describe the adequacy of immunobiological conservation in the immunization rooms of the Western macro-region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: Descriptive study from a validated scale with a maximum score of 15 points. Descriptive analysis and association test between the scores obtained by the municipalities and variables of the external context were performed. Results: 275 out of a total of 295 immunization rooms were evaluated. The conservation of immunobiologicals in the macro-region obtained a mean score of 4 points (4/15). The absence or lack of inputs for the conservation of immunobiologicals and work processes requiring improvement was noted. Small municipalities presented better conservation of immunobiologicals (p=0.011). Conclusion: The immunobiological conservation in the immunization rooms of the macroregion West of Minas Gerais was considered inadequate.

Objetivo: Descrever a adequação da conservação de imunobiológicos nas salas de imunização dos municípios da macrorregião de saúde Oeste do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, pautado em uma escala validada, com escore máximo de 15 pontos. Realizou-se análise descritiva e teste de associação entre os escores obtidos pelos municípios e variáveis do contexto externo. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 275 do total de 295 salas de imunização existentes. A conservação de imunobiológicos na macrorregião Oeste obteve um escore médio de 4 pontos (escore-padrão de 0 a 15). Evidenciou-se ausência ou carência de insumos destinados à conservação de imunobiológicos, e processos de trabalho que requerem aprimoramento. Municípios de pequeno porte apresentaram melhor conservação de imunobiológicos (p=0,011). Conclusão: A conservação de imunobiológicos nas salas de imunização da macrorregião de saúde Oeste de Minas Gerais foi considerada inadequada.

Avaliação da adequação da conservação de imunobiológicos na macrorregião de saúde Oeste de Minas Gerais: estudo descritivo, 2017 / Evaluación de la adecuación de la conservación de inmunobiológicos en la macrorregión de salud Oeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil: estudio descriptivo, 2017 / Adequacy assessment of immunobiological agent conservation in the Western Health macro-region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil: a descriptive study, 2017

Objetivo: Descrever a adequação da conservação de imunobiológicos nas salas de imunização dos municípios da macrorregião de saúde Oeste do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, pautado em uma escala validada, com escore máximo de 15 pontos. Realizou-se análise descritiva e teste de associação entre os escores obtidos pelos municípios e variáveis do contexto externo. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 275 do total de 295 salas de imunização existentes. A conservação de imunobiológicos na macrorregião Oeste obteve um escore médio de 4 pontos (escore-padrão de 0 a 15). Evidenciou-se ausência ou carência de insumos destinados à conservação de imunobiológicos, e processos de trabalho que requerem aprimoramento. Municípios de pequeno porte apresentaram melhor conservação de imunobiológicos (p=0,011). Conclusão: A conservação de imunobiológicos nas salas de imunização da macrorregião de saúde Oeste de Minas Gerais foi considerada inadequada.

Objetivo: Describir la adecuación de la conservación de inmunobiológicos en las salas de inmunización de la macrorregión Oeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo a partir de una escala validada con una puntuación máxima de 15 puntos. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y pruebas de asociación entre las puntuaciones obtenidas por los municipios y las variables del contexto externo. Resultados: Se evaluaron 275 de un total de 295 salas de vacunación. La conservación de los inmunobiológicos en la macrorregión Oeste obtuvo una puntuación promedio de 4 puntos (4/15). Se evidenció la ausencia o falta de insumos para la conservación de inmunobiológicos y procesos de trabajo que requieren ser mejorados. Los municipios pequeños presentaron una mejor conservación de los inmunobiológicos (p=0,011). Conclusión: La conservación inmunobiológica en las salas de vacunación de la macrorregión Oeste de Minas Gerais fue considerada inadecuada.

Objective: To describe the adequacy of immunobiological agent conservation in vaccination rooms in the municipalities of the Western health macro-region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive study, based on a validated scale, with a maximum score of 15 points. A descriptive analysis and an association test between the scores obtained by the municipalities and variables of the external context were performed. Results: 275 out of a total of 295 existing vaccination rooms were evaluated. Immunobiological agent conservation in the West macro-region obtained an average score of 4 points (standard score, 0 to 15). There was a poor availability of immunization supplies aimed at immunobiological agent conservation, and work processes, that require improvement. Small municipalities presented better immunobiological agent conservation (p=0.011). Conclusion: Immunobiological agent conservation in vaccination rooms in the Western health macro-region of Minas Gerais State was considered inadequate.

Factors related to the adoption of the Brazilian National Immunization Program Information System.

BACKGROUND: One way to optimize the adoption and use of technological innovations is to understand how those involved perceive, assess and decide to use them. This study aims to analyze the attributes that influence the adoption and use of the Brazilian National Immunization Program Information System (NIPIS) from the perspective of vaccination room workers. METHODS: This is a mixed method research, and a quantitative cross-sectional analytical study, with concomitant triangulation of data, carried out in a region of Brazil by using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory. We used a questionnaire with 183 nursing professionals who work at vaccination rooms in 12 municipalities. To test the research model, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and SmartPLS 2.3.0 have been applied to estimate the model. The qualitative research had a descriptive-exploratory character, using interviews (n = 18) analyzed through thematic analysis. RESULTS: The model proposed showed a mean correlation between the perceived attributes in the adoption and use of NIPIS. The results of the multiple regression indicated that the attributes "relative advantage" and "image" have a significant effect at 5% level (T > 1.97), positively influence the adoption and use of NIPIS; the attribute "voluntary use" negatively influences the adoption and use of the system; the attributes "experimentation", "compatibility", "profitability", and "ease of use" did not influence the adoption and use of NIPIS. Emphasis has been placed on aspects that weaken the adoption and use of NIPIS such as lack of good quality internet and resistance to use the technology by some professionals. Workers perceive the importance of NIPIS for the municipality and point out that technological innovation provides data at an individual level, inserted in real time, which makes it possible to assess vaccination coverage. Lack of an unstable internet compromises data release due to system slowness. CONCLUSIONS: The mixed method allowed an in-depth analysis of the adoption and use of NIPIS in the Western Health Macroregion of Minas Gerais State, and similarities were observed in the results. The attribute "relative advantage" is the one that most influences the adoption and use of NIPIS, which is the strongest predictor of innovation adoption rate.

Structural and procedural conditions in National Immunization Program Information System establishment.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze structural and process conditions in National Immunization Program Information System establishment. METHODS: a cross-sectional study conducted in 307 vaccination rooms in the state of Minas Gerais in 2017. For data collection, a multidimensional questionnaire was used. Descriptive data analysis was performed. RESULTS: vaccination rooms have basic inputs necessary for System establishment. The greatest problems relate to professional practice. Low enrollment of population, failures in the active search for absentees, vaccine scheduling and absence of reports to monitor vaccination coverage were identified. Training was considered insufficient and ineffective. CONCLUSIONS: Immunization Information System is an essential technological innovation for the management of immunization actions. However, the production of timely records and the use of information are still challenges. Investments in training are required to ensure System's management and operationalization activities.

National Immunization Program Information System: implementation context assessment.

BACKGROUND: The National Immunization Program Information System (SIPNI - Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunização) in Brazil is a technological innovation management tool that enhances the performance of managers and health professionals in the evaluation and monitoring of immunization activities. In the country, the decentralization of the System is at an advanced stage, but it still faces challenges regarding its operation and use, impacting on its results. This study aims to evaluate the deployment of SIPNI in the state of Minas Gerais, in 2017. METHOD: Cross-section study performed in Primary Healthcare vaccination rooms in 54 municipalities in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, in 2017. A multidimensional questionnaire was used with nursing professionals who work in vaccination rooms, containing questions about the structure (presence of an internet-connected computer, instruction manual, software version, IT professional for technical support, trained healthcare professional, use of communication channels to obtain system information) and the process (activities performed by the staff to operate the immunization information system) of their work. Those questions refer to the components of the information system: system management, immunized-patient records, and Movement of Immunobiological. Implementation Degree (ID) was defined by a score system with different weights for each criterion, according to the importance level observed in it, with a rating of: adequate, partially adequate, inadequate and critically inadequate. For data analysis, median was used as the summary measure, and Pearson's Chi-Squared Test was used for proportion comparison. RESULTS: Municipal SIPNI is not adequately implemented and that results mainly from the actions performed in health service units, indicating problems in the use of technology by professionals working in vaccination rooms. The structure was better evaluated than the process, presenting IDs of 70.9 and 59.5%, respectively. Insufficient internet access, inadequate use of communication channels, and lack of professional qualification were some of the identified structural issues. "Movement of Immunobiological" was the best-ranked component (ID = 68.5%), followed by "immunized patient records" (ID = 59.3%) and "SIPNI management" (ID = 50.7%). Partial performance of SIPNI is independent of population size in the municipality and of FSH coverage. CONCLUSIONS: SIPNI is still an underutilized technological innovation. There are challenges that must be overcome, such as implementation of the final web version, internet connectivity, and capabilities aimed at the use of information generated by technology. Nevertheless, perspectives regarding SIPNI are positive, with functionalities to optimize activities in vaccination rooms.

Structural and procedural conditions in National Immunization Program Information System establishment / Condiciones estructurales y procesales en la implementación del Sistema de Información del Programa Nacional de Inmunización / Condições de estrutura e processo na implantação do Sistema de Informação de Imunização do Brasil

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze structural and process conditions in National Immunization Program Information System establishment. Methods: a cross-sectional study conducted in 307 vaccination rooms in the state of Minas Gerais in 2017. For data collection, a multidimensional questionnaire was used. Descriptive data analysis was performed. Results: vaccination rooms have basic inputs necessary for System establishment. The greatest problems relate to professional practice. Low enrollment of population, failures in the active search for absentees, vaccine scheduling and absence of reports to monitor vaccination coverage were identified. Training was considered insufficient and ineffective. Conclusions: Immunization Information System is an essential technological innovation for the management of immunization actions. However, the production of timely records and the use of information are still challenges. Investments in training are required to ensure System's management and operationalization activities.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las condiciones estructurales y de proceso en la implantación del Sistema de Información del Programa Nacional de Inmunización. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado en 307 salas de vacunación, en el Estado de Minas Gerais, en 2017. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario multidimensional. Se procedió a un análisis descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: las salas de vacunación tienen insumos básicos necesarios para la implantación del Sistema. Los mayores problemas se refieren a las prácticas de los profesionales. Se identificaron bajo registro de la población adscrita, fallas en la búsqueda activa de faltosos y en la programación de vacunas y ausencia de informes para monitorear la cobertura vacunal. Los entrenamientos se consideraron insuficientes y poco efectivos. Conclusiones: el Sistema de Información de Inmunización es una innovación tecnológica esencial para la gestión de las acciones de inmunización, pero todavía son desafíos, la producción de registros oportunos y el uso de la información. Las inversiones en capacitación son necesarias para garantizar las actividades de gestión y operacionalización del Sistema.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as condições estruturais e de processo na implantação do Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunização. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em 307 salas de vacinação em Minas Gerais em 2017. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário multidimensional. Procedeu-se a análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: as salas de vacinação possuem insumos básicos necessários para a implantação do Sistema. Os maiores problemas relacionam-se às práticas dos profissionais. Identificaram-se baixo cadastro da população adscrita, falhas na busca ativa de faltosos, no aprazamento de vacinas e ausência de relatórios para monitorar a cobertura vacinal. As capacitações foram consideradas insuficientes e pouco efetivas. Conclusões: o Sistema de Informação de Imunização é uma inovação tecnológica essencial para o gerenciamento das ações de imunização, mas ainda são desafios a produção de registros oportunos e o uso da informação. Investimentos em capacitações são necessárias para garantir as atividades de gestão e operacionalização do Sistema.

Evaluation study of the National Immunization Program Information System.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out the National Immunization Program Information System (SIPNI) accessability assessment (EA), considering the description of the intervention, the elaboration of the theoretical-logical model and the identification of the evaluative questions. METHOD: A single case study with a qualitative approach, based on the system of seven elements proposed by Thurston and Ramaliu (2005). The SIPNI and the context of analysis, the vaccination rooms, were defined as the case. RESULTS: The SIPNI description, based on documents and scientific evidence, made it possible to understand its operationalization, the main events that characterize it. The theoretical-logical model visually and systematically configured the SIPNI organization with details of the inputs, activities, products and expected effects. The evaluative questions were evaluated and validated to evaluate the SIPNI. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The SIPNI is evaluable and presented a favorable scenario for its development. EA is an important strategy for planning subsequent evaluations, maximizing their potentials.

Evaluation study of the National Immunization Program Information System / Estudio de evaluación del Sistema de Información del Programa Nacional de Inmunización / Estudo de avaliabilidade do Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunização

ABSTRACT Objective: To carry out the National Immunization Program Information System (SIPNI) accessability assessment (EA), considering the description of the intervention, the elaboration of the theoretical-logical model and the identification of the evaluative questions. Method: A single case study with a qualitative approach, based on the system of seven elements proposed by Thurston and Ramaliu (2005). The SIPNI and the context of analysis, the vaccination rooms, were defined as the case. Results: The SIPNI description, based on documents and scientific evidence, made it possible to understand its operationalization, the main events that characterize it. The theoretical-logical model visually and systematically configured the SIPNI organization with details of the inputs, activities, products and expected effects. The evaluative questions were evaluated and validated to evaluate the SIPNI. Final considerations: The SIPNI is evaluable and presented a favorable scenario for its development. EA is an important strategy for planning subsequent evaluations, maximizing their potentials.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar Estudio de Evaluación (EA) del Sistema de Información del Programa Nacional de Inmunización (SIPNI), considerando la descripción de la intervención, la elaboración del modelo teórico-lógico y la identificación de las preguntas evaluativas. Método: Estudio de caso único, con enfoque cualitativo, basado en el sistema de los siete elementos propuestos por Thurston y Ramaliu (2005). Se definió como caso el SIPNI y el contexto de análisis, las salas de vacunación. Resultados: La descripción del SIPNI, fundamentada en documentos y evidencias científicas, posibilitó comprender su operacionalización, los principales acontecimientos que lo caracterizan. El modelo teórico-lógico configuró de forma visual y sistemática la organización del SIPNI con detalle de los insumos, actividades, productos y efectos esperados. Se establecieron y validaron las preguntas de evaluación para evaluar el SIPNI. Consideraciones finales: El SIPNI es evaluable y presenta un escenario favorable para su desarrollo. El EA es una estrategia importante para la planificación de evaluaciones posteriores, maximizando sus potenciales.

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar Estudo de Avaliabilidade (EA) do Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunização (SIPNI), considerando a descrição da intervenção, a elaboração do modelo teórico-lógico e a identificação das perguntas avaliativas. Método: Estudo de caso único, com abordagem qualitativa, baseado no sistema dos sete elementos propostos por Thurston e Ramaliu (2005). Definiu-se como caso o SIPNI e o contexto de análise, as salas de vacinação. Resultados: A descrição do SIPNI, fundamentada em documentos e evidências científicas, possibilitou compreender sua operacionalização, os principais acontecimentos que o caracterizam. O modelo teórico-lógico configurou de forma visual e sistemática a organização do SIPNI com detalhamento dos insumos, atividades, produtos e efeitos esperados. Foram estabelecidas e validadas as perguntas avaliativas para avaliar o SIPNI. Considerações finais: O SIPNI é avaliável e apresentou cenário favorável para o seu desenvolvimento. O EA é uma estratégia importante para o planejamento de avaliações subsequentes, maximizando seus potenciais.

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C virus infection among alcoholic individuals: importance of screening and vaccination.

Drug users have been reported to have an increased risk for acquisition of viral hepatitis. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection and usefulness of saliva for HBsAg and anti-HCV detection in alcoholic patients.A total of 90 alcoholic patients were recruited in 2013. HBsAg and anti-HCV were tested in serum and saliva, anti-HBc and anti-HBs were tested in serum using commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIA).Using serum samples, anti-HCV, HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs prevalences were 5.6%, 0%, 15.7%, and 29.2%. HBsAg detection in saliva showed 100% of specificity and anti-HCV detection demonstrated 100% of sensitivity and 94.7% of specificity. Low prevalence of HBV and high prevalence of anti-HCV were found and reinforced the recommendation of HBV vaccination to avoid the acute and chronic cases and HCV screening in this group to identify cases for antiviral therapy. Saliva samples could be used for anti-HCV detection in this population, what could increase the diagnosis access.

Percepção de equipe de enfermagem sobre espiritualidade nos cuidados de final de vida / Nursing team perception on spirituality in end-of-life care / Percepción de equipo de enfermería acerca de la espiritualidad en los cuidados de fin de vida

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a percepção da equipe de enfermagem acerca da espiritualidade nos cuidados de final de vida. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo descritivo, realizado com 20 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital da região Centro-Oeste de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de maio a junho de 2014 no setor de oncologia, por meio de um questionário semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados na técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que, embora a equipe de enfermagem tenha boa aceitação da morte, a espiritualidade é pouco abordada e ainda existe despreparo para abordar este aspecto na assistência ao paciente em fase final de vida. Com base nesses achados, torna-se necessária a inclusão do tema nos currículos das instituições de nível superior e técnico em enfermagem e ainda mais estudos na área, como forma de sensibilização e capacitação dos profissionais (AU).

The objective was to investigate the nursing team's perception on spirituality in end-of-life care. A qualitative and descriptive study was undertaken with 20 nursing professionals from a hospital in the Central-West of Minas Gerais. The data were collected between May and June 2014 at the oncology sector by means of a semistructured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. The results appoint that, although the nursing team accepts death well, spirituality is hardly discussed and there is still a lack of preparation to address this aspect in end-of-life care. Based on these findings, the theme needs to be included in the curricula of higher and technical nursing education and further research in the area is needed to sensitize and train the professionals (AU).

La finalidad del estudio fue investigar la percepción del equipo de enfermería acerca de la espiritualidad en los cuidados de fin de vida. Es un estudio cualitativo descriptivo, realizado con 20 profesionales de enfermería de un hospital de la región Centro-Oeste de Minas Gerais. Los datos fueron obtenidos en el periodo de mayo a junio de 2014 en el sector de oncología, por medio de un cuestionario semiestructurado y sometidos a la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados apuntan que, a pesar de que el equipo de enfermería tiene una buena aceptación de la muerte, la espiritualidad es poco planteada y todavía hay falta de preparación para plantear ese aspecto en la asistencia al paciente en fase final de vida. Con base en esas cuestiones, se constata que es necesaria la inclusión del tema en los currículos de las instituciones de nivel superior y técnico en enfermería, además de más estudios en el área, como forma de sensibilizar y capacitar profesionales (AU).